Note that the NASA space shuttle weighed about 75 tonnes dry with up to 30 tonnes of cargo (source) and used H2-O2 engines with an exhaust velocity between 2.5 km/s for the booster rockets and 4.4 km/s for the main engine (source). Plug in these numbers and tinker with the efficiency to find how how much of the fuel burn is converted to kinetic energy.

Deuterium and D-He3 are theoretical fuels that would require the invention of practical fusion pulse engines. It's not clear how efficient or what exhaust velocity such engines would have.